Tech-Library

Converters

Browser-side calculators for common water-treatment unit conversions. The pipeline section outlines four implementation phases and delivery status. The calculators section is what you can use today—always verify critical numbers against OEM limits, standards, and site measurements.

Four-phase pipeline

Roadmap for the converter suite. “Shipped” and “Partial” match the calculators below; “Planned” is not yet implemented. In Foundations, Hydraulics, and Chemistry, click a line to scroll to that converter.

Foundations

Simple linear conversions; defines shared UI and sync behavior.

Pressure — bar, psi, MPa, kPa, kg/cm², mH₂OShipped
Temperature — °C, °F, KShipped
Length & area — m, ft, in; m², ft² (tabs)Shipped

Hydraulics

Multi-field coupling (change one input, others update).

Flow — m³/h, US/UK GPM, L/s, m³/dShipped
Pipe size & velocity — Q+D→v; Q+v→D; D+v→QShipped
Volume & mass — m³, L, gal, ft³; kg, lb, ton (bulk ρ)Shipped

Chemistry

Molecular weights and reagent data for pro-grade chemistry tools.

Hardness — mg/L CaCO₃, mmol/L, °dH, °fH, gpg, meq/LShipped
Concentration — ppm, ppb, mg/L, μg/L, mass % (ρ)Shipped
Molarity — reagents (NaOH, HCl, …), mol/L ↔ g/L ↔ mg/LShipped
EC → TDS — adjustable k (0.4–1.0)Shipped

Industry

Field and specialty calculators beyond generic tables.

Mesh ↔ micron — ASTM E11, single or media rangeShipped
SDI — T_i, T_f, T_total (5/10/15 min) + 75% plugging ruleShipped
Alkalinity — P/M → OH⁻, CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻ + barShipped

Note: the RO permeate flux (GFD) widget is an auxiliary field tool and is not one of the numbered pipeline items (Phases 1–4).

Calculators

Phase 1 (Foundations) — pressure, temperature, length & area. Phase 2 (Hydraulics) — flow, pipe velocity/diameter, volume & mass. Phase 3 (Chemistry) — hardness, concentration, molarity, EC→TDS. Phase 4 (Industry) — ASTM mesh ↔ micron, SDI field calculator, alkalinity species. Use the pipeline card to jump by section. Each tool includes a short “what this tool does” note.

Display decimals

Applies to all converter outputs on this page (default: 2).

Phase 1 · Foundations

Pressure

What this tool does

Convert between bar, psi, MPa, kPa, kg/cm², and mH₂O so you can compare pumps, membranes, vessels, and gauges when datasheets and site instruments use different units.

Base: bar. 1 bar = 14.5038 psi = 0.1 MPa = 100 kPa = 1.0197 kg/cm² = 10.1972 mH₂O.

bar — Bar

psi — PSI

MPa — Megapascal

kPa — Kilopascal

kg/cm² — kg/cm²

mH₂O — Meter water column

Temperature

What this tool does

Switch between °C, °F, and K for process conditions, shipping limits, and client reports without mental math.

Base: °C. °F = °C×9/5+32; K = °C+273.15.

°C — Celsius

°F — Fahrenheit

K — Kelvin

Length & area

What this tool does

Convert lengths and surface areas between metric and US customary units for vessel sizes, piping runs, and membrane or filter areas in quotes and field work.

Length: 1 m = 3.28084 ft = 39.3701 in. Area: 1 m² = 10.7639 ft².

m — Meter

ft — Feet

in — Inch

Phase 2 · Hydraulics

Flow rate (super)

What this tool does

Express the same flow as m³/h, US or UK GPM, L/s, or m³/day so you can match pump curves, supplier datasheets, and daily production figures.

Base: m³/h. 1 m³/h = 4.40286 US GPM = 3.66615 UK GPM = 0.27778 L/s = 24 m³/d.

m³/h — Cubic meters per hour

GPM (US) — US gallons per minute

GPM (UK) — UK gallons per minute

L/s — Liters per second

m³/d — Cubic meters per day

Pipe velocity & diameter

What this tool does

Estimate flow velocity from flow rate and pipe ID, or back-calculate diameter or flow from a target velocity—handy for hydraulic checks and pipe sizing. The colored bar highlights typical water-like design bands (not a substitute for full line sizing).

Q in m³/h, D = internal diameter in mm, v in m/s. Formula: v = Q ÷ (3600 × π × (D/2000)²). Edit any two fields to solve the third (when Q and D are set, v is derived first).

Flow Q (m³/h)

Internal diameter D (mm)

Velocity v (m/s)

Safe velocity indicator

Green 1.0–2.0 m/s (recommended) · Yellow 0.5–1.0 or 2.0–2.5 · Red <0.5 (deposition) or >2.5 (noise / surge risk)

Current: 0.35 m/s — Outside typical design band

Volume & mass (bulk density)

What this tool does

Convert bulk volume and mass for filter media (e.g. carbon, resin): enter ρ in kg/L, then align m³, L, gallons, or ft³ with kg, lb, or metric tons for purchasing and logistics.

Weight = volume × bulk density (ρ in kg/L). Default ρ = 0.5 kg/L (activated carbon). Use presets for common media or type a custom ρ.

Bulk density ρ (kg/L)

Presets

Volume

m³ — Cubic meters

L — Liters

gal (US) — US gallons

ft³ — Cubic feet

Mass

kg — Kilograms

lb — Pounds

t — Metric tons

Phase 3 · Chemistry

Water hardness (full)

What this tool does

Convert between hardness scales used in boilers, softening, and international specs. All units are tied to mmol/L as Ca²⁺ using the constants in the project spec.

Base: mmol/L (Ca²⁺). mg/L as CaCO₃ = mmol/L × 100.0869; °dH = mmol/L × 5.6077; °fH = mmol/L × 10.0087; gpg = mmol/L × 5.8411; meq/L = mmol/L × 2.

mmol/L — mmol/L (Ca²⁺)

mg/L — mg/L as CaCO₃

°dH — German hardness

°fH — French hardness

gpg — US grains per gallon

meq/L — Milliequivalents per liter

Concentration matrix

What this tool does

Relate ppm, ppb, mg/L, μg/L, and mass % for solutions. Mass % uses solution density ρ (g/cm³); dilute water-like defaults use ρ = 1.0.

At ρ = 1: 1 ppm ≈ 1 mg/L; 1 ppb ≈ 1 μg/L. Mass % = (mg/L) ÷ (ρ × 10,000).

Solution density ρ (g/cm³)

mg/L — Milligrams per liter

μg/L — Micrograms per liter

ppm — Parts per million (≈ mg/L at ρ = 1)

ppb — Parts per billion (≈ μg/L at ρ = 1)

Mass % — Mass percent (w/w)

Molarity ↔ mass concentration

What this tool does

Convert molarity (mol/L) to mass concentration (g/L, mg/L) using molecular weight—typical for dosing NaOH, HCl, and other reagents.

g/L = (mol/L) × MW; mg/L = g/L × 1000. MW is editable for non-standard grades.

Chemical

Molecular weight (g/mol)

Molarity (mol/L)

Mass concentration (g/L)

Mass concentration (mg/L)

EC → TDS (estimate)

What this tool does

Estimate total dissolved solids from electrical conductivity using a tunable factor k (typical for natural waters and NaCl-like mixtures).

TDS (mg/L) ≈ EC (μS/cm) × k. Default k = 0.67; allowed 0.4–1.

TDS estimation is an approximation based on the selected k-factor; use lab TDS for compliance and design decisions.

k presets:

Electrical conductivity EC (μS/cm)

Factor k (0.4–1)

Estimated TDS: 335.00 mg/L

Phase 4 · Industry

Mesh ↔ micron (ASTM E11)

What this tool does

Map standard sieve mesh numbers to nominal opening size in millimetres and micrometres for media specification (e.g. activated carbon 8×30).

Single mesh uses ASTM E11 nominal openings (mm). Range mode reports the span between two mesh openings (e.g. 8 and 30) for typical commercial cuts.

Mode:

Mesh number

Nominal opening

1.70 mm · 1700.00 μm

Micron = mm × 1000.

SDI — silt density index

What this tool does

Field estimate of fouling potential from timed 500 mL filtration intervals. Uses the same time units for T_i and T_f; T_total is the test duration in minutes.

SDI = ((1 − T_i/T_f) × 100) / T_total. If (1 − T_i/T_f) > 75%, the test is invalid (ASTM D4189-style plugging rule).

Use consistent units for T_i and T_f (typically seconds). For design decisions, follow ASTM D4189 and site QA.

T_i — initial 500 mL time

Must be > 0.

T_f — final 500 mL time

Must be ≥ T_i.

T_total — test duration (minutes)

SDI = 2.22Excellent (low fouling)

Alkalinity — species distribution

What this tool does

Split phenolphthalein (P) and total/methyl-orange (M) alkalinity into hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate (as CaCO₃ equivalents) for dosing and scaling insight.

Branches follow standard aqueous-carbonates logic; P cannot exceed M. Displayed species use Math.round per engineering convention. The balance row checks Σ species vs M (exact model vs rounding).

P — phenolphthalein alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO₃)

M — total alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO₃)

OH⁻

mg/L as CaCO₃

CO₃²⁻

mg/L as CaCO₃

HCO₃⁻

120

mg/L as CaCO₃

Mass balance check (CaCO₃ equivalents)

Exact model: Σ(OH⁻ + CO₃²⁻ + HCO₃⁻) = 120.00 mg/L · M = 120.00 mg/Lmatches M
After Math.round per species: Σ = 120 mg/L · Δ = Σ − M = 0.00 mg/L — typical rounding drift

Share of M (approximate)

100%

OH⁻ 0.0% · CO₃²⁻ 0.0% · HCO₃⁻ 100.0%

More tools

RO permeate flux — GFD

What this tool does

Compute US membrane flux in gallons per square foot per day (GFD) from permeate flow and active area, and compare with a rough L/m²/h reference. Use it for quick checks—not a replacement for membrane OEM flux limits or staging rules.

Inputs: permeate flow (m³/h), active membrane area (m²). Output includes approximate L/m²/h for cross-checking metric datasheets.

Permeate flow (m³/h)

Active membrane area (m²)

Flux: 16.83 GFD (≈ 28.57 L/m²/h reference)